5.24: summary:
. the study found that most usa citizens are unhealthy;
90% failed due to being overweight.
. 15% of the overweight ones were seen as
both following the official usa diet,
and getting enough exercise.
. the official usa diet may be the problem:
there is no upper limit on grains;
in 2005 there was no limit on refined grains.
. the expected activity level is
150 min/wk (22min per day) of moderate-intensity
or 75 min/wk of vigorous-intensity physical activity
spread out over at least 4 days out of 10.
4.8: web: pinch test:
learn how to give yourself the pinch test here.
. estimate thickness of fat at various sites:
10mm chest
15mm belly
5mm thigh
10mm tricep
10mm subscapula
10mm Midaxillary (Armpit at fifth rib)
5mm Suprailiac or Iliac crest
for a male age 56, 160lb with the above fat measurements,
Body Fat is estimated to be 12.66%
Pounds of Body Fat: 20.25
Pounds of Lean Body Weight: 139.75
-- if you have a pot belly:
this test doen't measure fat around intestines and liver.
4.7: news: who's in the health top 2.7%:
. a study of a statistical sample of usa citizens
estimated that a mere 2.7 percent of them
meet the minimum criteria for a healthy lifestyle.
. 90 percent of the sample were disqualified by
an excessive percentage of body fat
(less than 20% bodyfat for men and 30% for women).
. some [15%] of the overweight ones were seen as
both following the official usa diet,
and getting enough exercise.
see The Washington Post`Cha, Ariana Eunjung.
"Seriously, America?
Study finds mere 2.7 percent of U.S. adults
meet criteria for ‘healthy lifestyle'."
washingtonpost points to the study:
Healthy Lifestyle Characteristics and Their Joint Association With
Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers in US Adults
Paul D. Loprinzi, PhD, Adam Branscum, PhD,
June Hanks, PhD, DPT, PT, Ellen Smit, PhD
Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2016
. healthy lifestyle characteristics was estimated using
2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.
. 71.5% of adults did not smoke,
37.9% consumed what the usa officially calls a healthy diet,
9.6% had a normal body fat percentage,
and 46.5% were sufficiently active.
Only 2.7% of all adults had all 4
healthy lifestyle characteristics,
and 11.1% had none of the healthy lifestyle characteristics.
weighted mean (SE) proportions were as follows:
following usa diet, active, yet overweight:
nonsmoker, overweight, usa diet, active (13.0% [0.8%]);
smoker, overweight, usa diet, active (2.0% [0.2%]),
Measurement of Physical Activity:
. being sufficiently active was defined as
150 min/wk (22min per day) of moderate-intensity
or 75 min/wk of vigorous-intensity physical activity
spread out over at least 4 days out of 10.
All active minutes were used due to the
low adherence (less than 10%) to activity measuring guidelines
when considering bouted activity (ie, activity lasting ≥10 minutes).
In addition, emerging research demonstrates that
nonbouted and bouted activity were shown to have the same effect
on cardiovascular disease risk and mortality.
Healthy Eating Index based on 24-hour recalls:
Data from the Dietary Data Collection system were used to compute a
Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score for each study participant.
The HEI-2005 was developed by the US Department of Agriculture.
[ref:
Guenther, P.M., Reedy, J., Krebs-Smith, S.M., Reeve, B.B., and Basiotis, P.P.
Development and Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-2005:
Technical Report. Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion,
US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA; 2007
]
A higher score reflects closer adherence to
the [usa diet] dietary guidelines for Americans.
The HEI score was derived using
Dietary Data Collection system data
along with the MyPyramid Equivalents Database
and following the methods and SAS code
established by the US Department of Agriculture
Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.
[ref:
Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion,
US Department of Agriculture.
Healthy Eating Index.
Bowman SA, Friday JE, Moshfegh A.
MyPyramid Equivalents Database, 2.0
for USDA Survey Foods, 2003-2004.
Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion,
US Department of Agriculture. Archived projects.
National Cancer Institute. HEI tools for researchers:
sample SAS code to create HEI-2005 scores.
http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/tools/hei/tools.html
]
Using the average of the 2-day HEI scores,participants at or above the 60th percentile
(ie, top 40%) of HEI scores in the population
were categorized as adhering to the [usa diet]
[so even if nobody followed the deluded usa diet;
those closest to it were said to have a healthy diet.]
[ref:
Ford, E.S., Bergmann, M.M., Boeing, H., Li, C., and Capewell, S.
Healthy lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality
among adults in the United States.
Prev Med. 2012; 55: 23–27
]
Total body fat percentage [90% abnormal]:
Normal weight was defined as
5% to 20% for men and as
8% to 30% for women.
here is the diet they are calling healthy:
Healthy Eating Index 2005:
Total Fruit (includes 100% juice)
5 for ≥0.8 cup equiv. per 1,000 kcal
Whole Fruit (not juice)
5 for ≥0.4 cup equiv. per 1,000 kcal
Total Vegetables
5 for ≥1.1 cup equiv. per 1,000 kcal
Dark Green or Orange Vegetables or Legumes
(Legumes counted as vegetables only after
Meat and Beans standard is met.)
5 for ≥0.4 cup equiv. per 1,000 kcal
Whole Grains
5 for ≥1.5 oz equiv. per 1,000 kcal
Total Grains [even refined grains]
5 for ≥3.0 oz equiv. per 1,000 kcal
milk products and soy beverages.
10 for ≥1.3 cup equiv. per 1,000 kcal
Meat and Beans
10 for ≥2.5 oz equiv. per 1,000 kcal
nonhydrogenated vegetable oils and oils in fish, nuts, and seeds.
10 for ≥12 grams per 1,000 kcal
Saturated Fat
(Saturated Fat get a score of 8 for the intake levels
that reflect the 2005 Dietary Guidelines,
less than 10% of calories from saturated fat )
10 for ≤7% of energy
0 for ≥15% of energy
Sodium
(Sodium get a score of 8 for the intake levels
that reflect the 2005 Dietary Guidelines,
1.1 grams of sodium/1,000 kcal, respectively.)
10 for ≤0.7 gram per 1,000 kcal
0 for ≥2.0 grams per 1,000 kcal
Calories from Solid Fats, Alcoholic beverages, and Added Sugars (SoFAAS)
20 for ≤20% of energy
0 for ≥50% of energy
Healthy Eating Index 2010:
The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a measure of diet quality
in terms of conformance to Federal dietary guidance.
The HEI-2010, which assesses diet quality as specified by
the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans,
is made up of 12 components, as shown below.
The total HEI-2010 score is the sum of the component scores
and has a maximum of 100 points.
HEI- 2010
[Intakes between the minimum and maximum standards
are scored proportionately.]
component Maximum Standard for maximum score
Standard for minimum score of zero
▲ Adequacy (higher score indicates higher consumption)
Total Fruit[Includes 100% fruit juice.]
5 for ≥ 0.8 cup equiv. / 1,000 kcal,
Whole Fruit[Includes all forms except juice.]
5 for ≥ 0.4 cup equiv. / 1,000 kcal
Total Protein Foods
[Beans and peas are included here (and not with vegetables)
when the Total Protein Foods standard is otherwise not met.]
5 for ≥ 2.5 ounce equiv. / 1,000 kcal
[toxic no upper limit on protein]
Seafood and Plant Proteins
[Beans and peas are included here (and not with vegetables)
when the Total Protein Foods standard is otherwise not met.
Includes seafood, nuts, seeds, soy products (other than beverages)
as well as beans and peas counted as Total Protein Foods.]
5 for ≥ 0.8 ounce equiv. / 1,000 kcal
[seafood and beans are toxic sources of protein;
peas are the only non-toxic legume;
some say get fish oil from refined supplements]
Total Vegetables [Includes any
beans and peas not counted as Total Protein Foods.]
5 for ≥ 1.1 cup equiv. / 1,000 kcal
dark-green vegetables, beans, or peas [Includes any
beans and peas not counted as Total Protein Foods.]
5 for ≥ 0.2 cup equiv. / 1,000 kcal
Whole Grains
10 for ≥ 1.5 ounce equiv. / 1,000 kcal
[fattening no upper limit on grains]
skim milk products or fortified soy beverages
[the skim milk fraction of whole milk
counts toward the dairy constituent,
but the butterfat in whole milk counts toward
empty calories from solid fat.
http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/hei/tools.html]
10 for ≥ 1.3 cup equiv. / 1,000 kcal
[milk and soy are controversial;
perhaps should be moderated not encouraged]
Fatty Acids
[Ratio of poly- and monounsaturates (PUFAs and MUFAs)
to saturated fatty acids (SFAs).]
10 for (PUFAs + MUFAs) / SFAs > 2.5
0 for (PUFAs + MUFAs) / SFAs less than 1.2
[ toxic no upper limit on PUFAs;
short chained SFAs should be included with MUFAs]
▼ Moderation (higher score indicates lower consumption)
Refined Grains
10 for ≤ 1.8 ounce equiv. / 1,000 kcal
0 for ≥ 4.3 ounce equiv. / 1,000 kcal
Sodium
10 for ≤ 1.1 gram / 1,000 kcal
0 for ≥ 2.0 grams / 1,000 kcal
Empty Calories
[ from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars;
threshold for counting alcohol is > 13 grams/1,000 kcal.]
20 for ≤ 19% of energy
0 for ≥ 50% of energy
No comments:
Post a Comment