2021.8.4, 9.15: health/immunity/covid-19/
T cells can reveal a covid infection even if antibodies waned
9.15: summary:
. if you had a mild case of covid,
or it has been a while since you've been infected,
your antibody levels may be too low to measure,
but your T cells can still be measured
to determine if you've been exposed to covid virus.
. the CDC says you should get the vaccine
even if you have been infected,
so what's the use in knowing your status?
. you may be less likely to get sick again
if the vaccine doesn't cover some variants,
but the infection does cover the variants.
. you may want reassurance after vaccination
that even if the vaccine doesn't work on your variant,
you might still be protected by your infection.
. if you believe that, the CDC reminds you,
there are significant risks to getting infected;
not just death but also strange chronic illness;
so it's safer to get vaccinated than infected.
. even for children who are prone to having
bad reactions to the vaccine,
there are even more reactions to the virus.
. without any early treatment options available
(whether by politics or science)
there will be many more deaths from virus
than there will be deaths from vaccine.
21.8.4: news, web:
T-Detect COVID testing:
https://www.t-detect.com/covid-19/for-patients/
suggested price on Aug 4 for a Labcorp blood draw:
T-Detect COVID $150
PWNHealth test authorization $9
Total: $159
The T-Detect COVID price does not represent
the usual and customary charge for the T-Detect COVID,
and is subject to change.
If you choose mobile phlebotomy through ExamOne,
Adaptive will ship you a test kit
and ExamOne will schedule blood draw services
via mobile phlebotomy (an in-home blood draw).
If you select a blood draw at a
Labcorp patient service center,
PWNHealth will place an order with Labcorp.
You can schedule an appointment or walk in to
any of Labcorp’s patient service centers for a blood draw.
T cells are the first responders of the
adaptive immune system.
While antibodies naturally wane
and are detectable in the shorter term,
T cell responses can persist in the blood
up to several months after symptoms appear.
In 2 studies, the T-Detect COVID test
outperformed antibody tests.
High specificity:
T cells can detect 70% of the parts of the virus,
while antibodies can only detect 30%.
references:
Nat Immunol. 2021 May
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/33674800/
Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity
is maintained at 6 months following primary infection.
Jianmin Zuo, et al.
Vaccine. 2016 Apr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115611/
Memory T cell responses targeting the SARS coronavirus
persist up to 11 years post-infection.
Oi-Wing Ng, et al.
no peer review: 08 Jan 2021
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.21249345v1
Clinical Validation of a Novel T-cell Receptor
Sequencing Assay for Identification of
Recent or Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Sudeb C. Dalai, et al.
Here we describe clinical performance of
T- Detect™ COVID,
the first reported assay to determine
recent or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection
based on T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing
and immune repertoire profiling
from whole blood samples.
Competing Interest Statement:
SCD declares employment and equity ownership with
Adaptive Biotechnologies
and employment with Stanford
University School of Medicine.
TM and LB declare leadership, employment,
and equity ownership with
Adaptive Biotechnologies.
All other authors declare employment and
equity ownership with
Adaptive Biotechnologies.
This test has not been FDA approved
but has been authorized for emergency use
by FDA under an EUA.
The T-Detect COVID is currently not covered
by health insurance, but is HSA eligible.
T-Detect™ COVID is not indicated for use in
patients under age 18.
patient FAQ:
https://www.t-detect.com/covid-19/for-patients/
If I have a positive T-Detect COVID test,
do I need to get a vaccine?
As of January 25, 2021, the CDC recommends
vaccination for most people,
even if they have had a natural infection
with SARS-CoV-2.
CDC Jan. 25, 2020:
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/faq.html
Yes, you should be vaccinated
regardless of whether you already had COVID-19.
That’s because experts do not yet know
how long you are protected from getting sick again
after recovering from COVID-19.
Even if you have already recovered from COVID-19,
it is possible—although rare—
that you could be infected with the
virus that causes COVID-19 again.
Studies have shown that vaccination provides
a strong boost in protection
in people who have recovered from COVID-19.
Experts are still learning more about
how long vaccines protect against COVID-19.
more:
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/vaccine-benefits.html
COVID-19 is still a threat to
people who are unvaccinated.
Some people who get COVID-19 can become
severely ill, which could result in
hospitalization, and some people have
ongoing health problems
[months] after getting infected.
Even people who did not have symptoms
when they were infected
can have these ongoing health problems.
more:
COVID-19 vaccination for People with
prior or current SARS-CoV-2 infection:
People should be offered vaccination
regardless of their history of symptomatic or
asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection;
this includes people with
prolonged post-COVID-19 symptoms.
Data from clinical trials indicate that
the currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines
can be given safely to people with
evidence of a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Viral testing to assess for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection
or serologic testing to assess for prior infection
is not recommended for the purposes of
vaccine decision-making.
Vaccination of people with known
current SARS-CoV-2 infection
should be deferred until the person has
recovered from the acute illness
and they have met criteria to discontinue isolation.
This recommendation applies to people who
experience SARS-CoV-2 infection
before [the vaccine dose series
has been started or completed.]
While there is no recommended
minimum interval between infection and vaccination,
current evidence suggests that
the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection
is low in the months after initial infection
but may increase with time due to waning immunity.
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