coronary microvascular dysfunction

 24.2.9: web.health/heart/
coronary microvascular dysfunction:

summary:

. if you feel like a heart attack is happening

but they can't find an obstructed or clogged artery,

that is known as MINOCA:

myocardial infarction [heart cell death due to blood loss]

with non-obstructive coronary arteries 

which can be caused by artery spasms, ripped artery,

or a new condition that is known by many names:

coronary microvascular dysfunction

Coronary microvascular disease

Microvascular endothelial dysfunction

Cardiac syndrome X

Nonobstructive coronary heart disease.

ami.org 2024.2.5

https://www.facebook.com/amidotorg/posts/pfbid022tx3M4kK9x4LdyGzERCRcB7qb3hMtpo1ThRziRvhFdNo6He8v8Ktd7RqMWdL2nPml

The Association of Medical Illustrators is

excited to announce the launch of 

the first round of illustrations through the 

AMI Diversity Fellowship, 

made possible by a grant through Johnson & Johnson’s (J&J) 

Our Race to Health Equity (ORTHE) initiative. 

In recognition, we will be highlighting the work of

each of our Diversity Fellows.

eg, the first illustration highlights

myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries.

[!] image: myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries 

(MINOCA), can be caused by artery spasms 

or coronary microvascular dysfunction.

interesting that mentions  

"coronary microvascular dysfunction";

it is a new diagnosis with many names...

Small vessel disease

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-vessel-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352117

Small vessel disease may also be called:

Coronary microvascular disease

Microvascular endothelial dysfunction

Small vessel disease is treatable but may be difficult to detect. 

The condition is typically diagnosed after finding

little or no narrowing in the main arteries of the heart

despite the presence of symptoms that suggest heart disease.

Coronary Microvascular Disease (MVD)

https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/coronary-microvascular-disease-mvd

In coronary MVD, the heart's coronary artery blood vessels

don't have plaque, but damage to the inner walls of the blood vessels

can lead to spasms 

or abnormalities in smaller arteries.

Other names for coronary microvascular disease:

Cardiac syndrome X

Nonobstructive coronary heart disease

Treatment

Medications to relax blood vessels including 

beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and nitroglycerin.

Noel Bairey Merz, MD

https://www.cedars-sinai.org/newsroom/what-is-minoca-a-type-of-heart-attack-mostly-affecting-women/

What is MINOCA? A Type of Heart Attack Mostly Affecting Women

. myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries 

(MINOCA), is garnering increased attention.

Janet Wei, MD, and Noel Bairey Merz, MD:

MINOCA is a heart attack caused by 

poor blood flow to the heart, 

despite no evidence of major blockage in the arteries,

eg, coronary artery spasms, and

spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

A troubling aspect of MINOCA is that

often when we diagnose a heart attack, 

we rely on a single imaging method

—invasive coronary angiogram—

to tell us if there’s a big blockage in the coronary arteries. 

With MINOCA, the angiogram can look normal.

MINOCA patients are more likely to be female and younger, 

and they’re also more likely to be Black or Hispanic/Latino.