2021.8.9: 9.4: health/diet/heart/Berberine/
prevents heart failure through endothelial and calcium function:
GreenMedInfo Research Group July 30th 2021
https://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/seven-herbs-and-supplements-heart-failure
. something extracted from berberine
is blocking calcium influx, thereby reducing
the risk of heart failure.
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4002834/
Min-you Qi, Yu Feng, De-zai Dai, Na Li, Yu-si Cheng, Yin Dai.
CPU86017, a berberine derivative, attenuates cardiac failure
through normalizing calcium leakage
and downregulated phospholamban
and exerting antioxidant activity.
Front Physiol. 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7546405/
Miyesaier Abudureyimu, Wenjun Yu, et al.
Berberine Promotes Cardiac Function by
Upregulating PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in Heart Failure.
. enhancing endothelial function helps heart:
Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2001
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2999047/
C W Lau, X Q Yao, Z Y Chen, W H Ko, Y Huang.
Cardiovascular actions of berberine.
. "Endothelial dysfunction is an important early event in the
pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
The mechanisms underlying endothelial injury are numerous
and linked to metabolic alteration.
In obesity and insulin resistance,
the increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines
and decreased secretion of adiponectine,
the increased circulating levels of free fatty acids,
and hyperglycaemia may alter gene expression and cell signalling in the vascular endothelium,
contributing to changes in the release of endothelium derived factors.
Dysfunctional endothelium is characterized by activation of NADPH oxidase,
uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS),
increased expression of endothelin-1,
an imbalance between the production of vasodilators and vasoconstrictor mediators,
and induction of adhesion molecules
[31].
The altered endothelial homeostasis, in turn,
contributes to plaque initiation and progression.
It is associated with most cardiovascular disease, such as
hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure,
peripheral artery disease, diabetes and chronic renal failure
[32].
Endothelial cells exposed to hypercholesterolemia show a
reduced capacity to release endothelium-derived relaxing factors,
because of LDLc promotion of endothelial eNOS downregulation
[33].
Lowering cholesterol levels appears to improve endothelial function
[34].
In diabetes and insulin resistance, other mechanisms may trigger endothelial dysfunction.
Insulin signalling is altered in these two conditions,
and affects the pathway leading to phosphorylation and activation of eNOS,
which is also, in this case, dramatically downregulated
[35].
eNOS represents a major weapon of endothelial cells to fight vascular disease.
It generates nitric oxide (NO), whose role is to dilate blood vessels
and maintain vascular homeostasis by stimulating cGMP
[36].
Several studies have suggested a central role of endothelial AMPK
in maintaining physiological functions, such as
mediation of eNOS activation in response to shear stress
[37],
modulation of endothelial cell energy supply
[38],
protection from apoptosis
[39]
and regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and maintenance of perfusion
[40,41].
Impairment of endothelium dependent relaxation (EDR)
represents reduced eNOS derived NO bioavailability,
and is the first step in endothelial injury.
It is present also in the absence of vessel damage.
In 2000, Ko et al[42], by in vitro investigation,
demonstrated that BBR has not only vasorelaxant
but also antiproliferative effects.
According to their results, BBR could act both on the endothelium
and on the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells to induce relaxation
(Figure (Figure1).1).
NO, is likely involved in the EDR.
More recently, this mechanism has been clarified in endothelial cells isolated from rat.
It was confirmed that the vasodilatant effect of BBR
was mediated by eNOS leading to NO production
through activation of the AMPK cascade.
Moreover, BBR counteracts several adverse effects of hyperglycemia on the endothelium,
including the inhibition of high glucose-induced reactive species
intracellular accumulation and cellular apoptosis and inflammation,
which characterize vascular injury
[31,43].
Another recognized effect of BBR is the significant decrease in
the number of adherent monocytes on endothelial cells,
which is a key event in the early stages of atherosclerosis.
Furthermore, BBR suppresses the activation of the
nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),
the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1)
induced by hyperglycemia
and the high glucose-induced elevation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,
including tumor necrosis factor-α, IL1-β, IL8 and MCP1,
which are other targets of NF-κB
involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaques
[43]"
fig 1:
. Berberine enhances endothelial function 3 ways:
it affects AMPK (Adenosine mono-phosphate kinase)
that affects eNOS (Endothelial nitric oxide synthase);
it lowers LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides;
and, it improves insulin sensitivity.
enzymedica Berberine 60 /$20.62
https://www.lifeextension.com/vitamins-supplements/item53349/berberine
Enteric-coated to prevent self-aggregation and formation of berberine crystals that reduce absorption.
Enzymedica's Berberine is provided in a
targeted delivery capsule
to prevent release of berberine in the stomach.
since in an acidic environment, berberine will bind with other berberine molecules
to form insoluble complexes that do not get absorbed.
Prevention of the formation of these complexes
may improve the absorption of berberine.
Amount Per Serving
Berberine HCI (97%) (from berberis vulgaris extract) (seed) 500 mg
Leucine 50 mg
Other Ingredients: 100% vegetarian capsule (cellulose, gellan gum, water),
rice concentrate, calcium laurate
[Calcium laurate helps powders flow into capsules
and holds those powders together.]
Dr. Michael Murray:
https://www.iherb.com/pr/enzymedica-berberine-60-capsules/81507
"Berberine is commonly harvested from the flesh, roots or bark of plants
like barberry, goldenseal and Oregon grape.
Unlike many other formulas, this product is sustainably sourced from
barberry seeds and does not require the plant to be sacrificed in its production.
sublingual instead of enteric coated?
Nutricology, Berberine 500, 90
https://www.iherb.com/pr/nutricology-berberine-500-90-vegetarian-capsules/82073
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,
Nu-MAG® (rice extract, rice hulls, gum arabic, sunflower oil),
silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose.
https://ribus.com/nu-mag/
Nu-MAG offers formulators a Certified Organic alternative to Magnesium Stearate,
so organic tablets requiring a lubricant can now be produced.
Thorne Research, Berbercap, 60
https://www.iherb.com/pr/thorne-research-berbercap-60-capsules/18577
Microcrystalline cellulose, leucine, silicon dioxide.
Berberis concentrate berberine HCl 85%.
Berberine HCl (from Indian Barberry extract) (root) (Berberis aristata) 200 mg
Whitaker Nutrition, Clinical Grade, Berberine, 90 Capsule
https://www.iherb.com/pr/whitaker-nutrition-clinical-grade-berberine-1-500-mg-90-capsules/101131
Berberine Hydrochloride (BerberPure™) 500 mg (take 3)
Microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin, magnesium stearate, gum acacia, silica.
