/Rob Wallace`african swine fever:
6.19: summary:
trust flu vaccine? we need humane organic farming:
. part of the reason for encouraging flu vaccine
is that globalized factory farming
is increasing the rate of flu virus evolution;
but flu vaccine is often not protective;
what we really need is to discontinue
globalized factory farming of animals
by mandating humane organic farming.
. I summarize the work of
biology Ph.D. Rob Wallace
and others concerned with the way
factory farming promotes disease.
6.17: The Real News Network Jun 14, 2019:
Largest Animal Epidemic in History
Is Due to Industrial Farming
. there is an african swine fever like ebola
raging among pigs in asia and europe;
it comes from industrial farming
the way it is packing animals together,
and is breeding for profitability
rather than for being able to survive
infectious diseases.
. biology Ph.D. Rob Wallace 2016`Big Farms Make Big Flu:
Dispatches on Influenza, Agribusiness, and the Nature of Science.
"political power shapes both infectious diseases
and the sciences that study them."
Dr. Wallace "farming pathogens" blog:
Dr. Wallace 2009:
Industrial poultry populations are characterized by
little genetic diversity
and offer few immune firebreaks against outbreaks.
Populations packed together
facilitate viral transmission.
Bird immune systems are depressed under such densities.
And the high turnover rate of poultry processing
—the duration from birth to sacrifice
has been reduced to 40 days—
likely selects for virulent influenza strains that
must reach their transmission threshold
before their host is killed for meat.
Dr. Wallace 2009:
Influenza’s genome is segmented.
When two influenza strains infect the same host,
the strains can trade segments, ...
[ for random genetic engineering.]
. H1N1 influenza is not actually "swine flu"
but a swine-bird-human reassortant.
. the many newly evolved
human-specific influenzas
seem to have occurred with
global trade deregulation
and once vertically integrated livestock
spread across the globe.
. neoliberalism's 1993 NAFTA
(North American Free Trade Agreement),
reduced trade barriers across
the U.S., Canada and Mexico.
The agreement also allowed companies to
purchase and consolidate businesses
in other member countries.
Dr. Wallace 2011:
. a globalizing agribusiness model
appears integral to influenza’s
spread and evolution;
details in this paper:
antipode radical j geography 2009:
Robert G. Wallace`Breeding Influenza:
The Political Virology of Offshore Farming
. influenza A (H5N1), the bird flu strain.
I review H5N1's phylogeographic properties,
including mechanisms for its evolving virulence.
The novel contribution here is
the attempt to integrate these with
the political economies of
agribusiness and global finance.
Particular effort is made to explain why
H5N1 emerged in southern China in 1997.
It appears the region's reservoir of
near‐human‐specific recombinants
was subjected to a phase change in
opportunity structure
brought about by China's newly
liberalized economy.
. the first statistical phylogeography for influenza,
this one for bird flu H5N1:
PNAS 2007:
A statistical phylogeography of influenza A H5N1
Robert G. Wallace, HoangMinh HoDac,
Richard H. Lathrop, and Walter M. Fitch.
Dr. Wallace 2019 on facebook:
he recently posted this:
Alex Liebman and Rob Wallace, PhD APRIL 23, 2019
(UN)SUSTAINABLE FARMING, COMMENTARIES, HEALTH
A Lethal Industrial Farm Fungus Is Spreading Among Us.
bigfarmsmakebigflu on tumblr.
bigfarmsmakebigflu on facebook.
Dr. Wallace 2015:
youtube IAS UMN Jul 8, 2015:
The Bat of Minerva: Robert Wallace,
Evolutionary Biologist, on Agroeconomics of Disease.
. ebola is likely from bats;
we stripped the bat forests
and replaced them with farms
for more contact between bats and humans.
Pan Afr Med J. 2015:
Ebola virus disease control in West Africa:
an ecological, one health approach.
Wallace has consulted on influenza
for the usa CDC and the
UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
His most recent book,
“Big Farms Make Big Flue"
tracks the way influenza and other pathogens
emerge from agriculture controlled by
multinational corporations.
He is co-author of “Farming Human Pathogens:
Ecological Resilience and Evolutionary Process”
his lecture is titled:
ARE EBOLA AND ‘ONE HEALTH’ APPROACH IN CAHOOTS?
what is the ‘ONE HEALTH’ APPROACH?
see CDC One Health Office:
One Health Fact Sheet
The One Health concept recognizes that
the health of people is connected to the health of
animals and the environment.
CDC uses a One Health approach by working with
physicians, veterinarians, ecologists, and many others
to monitor and control public health threats
and to learn about how diseases spread among
people, animals, and the environment.
. some diseases can be shared between
animals and people;
These diseases are known as
zoonotic diseases.
Factors that Affect Human and Animal Health:
Human populations are growing and
expanding into new geographic areas.
As a result, more people live in close contact
with wild and domestic animals.
Close contact provides more opportunities
for diseases to pass between animals and people.
The earth has experienced changes
in climate and land use,
such as deforestation and
intensive farming practices.
Disruptions of habitats provide
new opportunities for diseases to pass to animals.
International travel and trade have increased.
As a result, diseases can spread quickly across the globe.
Globally:
. the One Health Office is taking a
strategic, targeted approach
to control and prevent
infectious diseases. For example,
experts from the One Health Office lead
One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Workshops
so that countries can focus limited resources on
their top zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern.
Zoonotic diseases commonly prioritized include
viral hemorrhagic fevers
such as Ebola virus and Rift Valley fever,
zoonotic influenza viruses, rabies, and anthrax.
more about factory farming:
Andrew Gunther 2014:
TEDx Talks Mar 13, 2014
How big business had the right
idea but went wrong:
Andrew Gunther at TEDxManhattan.
. confining animals indoors
is causing the sickness
that requires antibiotics.
Lance Price 2014:
TEDx Talks Mar 11, 2014
Factory farms, antibiotics and superbugs:
Lance Price at TEDxManhattan.
. big farms are using antibiotics too much
accelerating evolution of antibiotic resistance.
factory farms, also known as
concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO).
PBS NewsHour Aug 9, 2017:
How industrial farming techniques can breed superbugs.
Lance Price is finding antibiotic resistant virus
in today's meats.
. in 1999 the European Union banned the use
of human antibiotics in animals.
. the standards of @certifiedhumane
are questioned by PETA.
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